"Located in the Pacific Ocean approximately 2,000 miles (3,200 km) southwest of the U.S. mainland lies the U.S. island state of Hawaii. It is the only state not on the North American mainland, the only state that is an archipelago, the only state in the tropics, and one of the two non-contiguous U.S. states (along with Alaska). Nearly the whole Hawaiian archipelago is made up of 137 volcanic islands, with Midway Atoll being the only one that is not part of the state. The state, which spans 1,500 miles (2,400 km), is a part of Oceania's Polynesian subregion both physiographically and ethnologically. At roughly 750 miles (1,210 km), Hawaii's ocean coastline is therefore the fourth longest in the United States. From northwest to southeast, the state is named after the eight major islands: Niʻihau, Kauaʻi, Oʻahu, Molokaʻi, Lānaʻi, Kahoʻolawe, Maui, and Hawaiʻi. The latter is frequently referred to as the ""Big Island"" or ""Hawaiʻi Island"" to distinguish it from the state or archipelago. The largest protected area in the United States and the fourth largest in the world, Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument, is primarily comprised of the uninhabited Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. Hawaii, which has historically been a plantation state, is still a significant exporter of agricultural products because of its rich soil and unusually tropical environment. Since the middle of the 20th century, its economy has steadily diversified, with the two biggest industries now being tourism and military defense. The state's varied natural landscape, warm tropical climate, large number of public beaches, maritime environs, active volcanoes, and beautiful skies on the Big Island all draw tourists, surfers, and scientists. The name of Hawaii's largest island, Hawaiʻi, is the source of the state's name. Hawaiʻi's name is frequently explained as having been given in honor of Hawaiʻiloa, a figure from Hawaiian oral history. When the islands were first inhabited, he is credited with discovering them. Hawaiian was included as an official state language alongside English in the State of Hawaii's 1978 Constitution.The Constitution of the State of Hawaii is the name of the state constitution. The State of Hawaii is used in Article XV, Section 1 of the Constitution. Since the 1949 draft of the paper predates the usage of the ʻokina ⟨ʻ⟩ and the kahakō in contemporary Hawaiian spelling, diacritical marks were not utilized. The state's name is spelled Hawaiʻi in the Hawaiian language.The federal government chose Hawaii as the state name in the Hawaii Admission Act, which made Hawaii a state. The climate of Hawaiʻi is tropical. Due to almost continual easterly trade breezes, temperatures and humidity are generally less extreme. Summer temperatures range from lows of 75 °F (24 °C) at night to highs of about 88 °F (31 °C) during the day. At low elevation, winter temperatures rarely fall below 65 °F (18 °C) at night; instead, they often hover around 83 °F (28 °C) throughout the day. Not typically found in tropical regions, snow falls at 13,800 feet (4,200 meters) on Hawaii Island's Mauna Kea and Mauna Loa during certain winter months. Texas and Hawaiʻi are the only two U.S. states that were once sovereign nations recognized by other countries before joining the union. From 1810 until its overthrow in 1893 by American and European landowners and businessmen, the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi ruled as a sovereign state. From 1894 until August 12, 1898, when it was formally recognized as a U.S. territory, Hawaiʻi was a separate republic. August 21, 1959, marked Hawaiʻi's admission as a U.S. state. "

Johannesburg is a city in South Africa's Gauteng province. It is the main financial and industrial center of the nation. Johannesburg, one of the newest big cities in the world, was established in 1886 after gold was discovered. Prior to becoming one of South Africa's four provinces, the city was a part of the Transvaal, an independent Afrikaner, or Boer, republic. Today, the city is a part of one of South Africa's nine provinces, Gauteng, which means "Place of Gold" in Sotho. The Highveld, a wide, grassy plateau that stretches across the interior of South Africa, is where Johannesburg is located. The city is situated on the edge of the Witwatersrand, also known as the Rand, which is a chain of low, rocky ridges that serves as a watershed between the drainages into the Atlantic and Indian seas. The city is between 5,700 and 5,930 feet (1,740 and 1,810 meters) above sea level. The climate of Johannesburg is moderate. The average temperature is around 75 °F (24 °C) in the summer and 55 °F (13 °C) in the winter, with very few periods below freezing. In both winter and summer, the city receives roughly eight hours of sunlight each day. Although the overall amount of rainfall fluctuates greatly from year to year, it averages around 28 inches (700 millimeters) annually. A major location for several creative and cultural industries, Johannesburg is a cultural center in South Africa with a diverse range of cultural venues. In addition to a plethora of other museums, theaters, galleries, and libraries, Johannesburg is home to the South African Ballet Theatre, the National School of Arts, and the University of Witwatersrand's School of the Arts.The Central Business District of Johannesburg is home to the Johannesburg City Library. The city is home to a number of Premiership and National First Division football teams. The top Johannesburg teams in the Premiership, such as Orlando Pirates (also known as the Buccaneers) and Kaizer Chiefs (also known as Amakhosi), are bitter rivals. They are headquartered at the Orlando and FNB stadiums in the city. Soccer City, the site of the 2010 FIFA World Cup final, hosts a number of major league and cup matches. FC AK and Jomo Cosmos are the teams in the First Division. The stadiums used by Katlehong City and Alexandra United are Alexandra and Reiger Park, respectively.